Raducanu, 23, announced the decision shortly after 22:00 BST on Sunday - about seven hours after telling journalists she planned to play.
Raducanu, who is seeded 30th, was due to start her campaign on Monday against Croatia's Antonia Ruzic on Court One.
"I've done everything possible to try to get to the start line but after a final scan tonight the niggle I've been managing has developed into a stress fracture," Raducanu said.
"I've been medically advised to stop pushing through."
