Biology: The Science of Life

The Scope of "Life"

More on the Origin of Life

The Organism and the Cell

Proteins — How Things Get Done in the Cell

Which Molecule Holds the Code?

The Double Helix

The Nuts and Bolts of Replicating DNA

The Central Dogma

The Genetic Code

From DNA to RNA

From RNA to Protein

When Mistakes Happen

Dividing DNA Between Dividing Cells

Mendel and His Pea Plants

How Sex Leads to Variation

Genes and Chromosomes

Charles Darwin and "The Origin of Species"

Natural Selection in Action

Reconciling Darwin and Mendel

Mechanisms of Evolutionary Change

What Are Species and How Do New Ones Arise?

More on the Origin of New Species

Reconstructing Evolution

The History of Life, Revisited

From Cells to Organisms

Control of Gene Expression I

Control of Gene Expression II

Getting Proteins to the Right Place

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

How Cells Talk — Signals and Receptors

How Cells Talk — Ways That Cells Respond

From One Cell to Many in an Organism

Patterns of Early Development

Determination and Differentiation

Induction and Pattern Formation

Genes and Development

Homeostasis

Hormones in Animals

What Is Special About Neurons?

Action Potentials and Synapses

Synaptic Integration and Memory

Sensory Function

How Muscles Work

The Innate Immune System

The Acquired Immune System

Form and Function in Plants I

Form and Function in Plants II

Behavior as an Adaptive Trait

Energy and Resources in Living Systems

How Energy Is Harnessed by Cells

Enzymes — Making Chemistry Work in Cells

Cellular Currencies of Energy

Making ATP — Glycolysis

Making ATP — Cellular Respiration

Making ATP — The Chemiosmotic Theory

Capturing Energy From Sunlight

The Reactions of Photosynthesis

Resources and Life Histories

The Structure of Populations

Population Growth

What Limits Population Growth?

Costs and Benefits of Behavior

Altruism and Mate Selection

Ecological Interactions Among Species

Predators and Competitors

Competition and the Ecological Niche

Energy in Ecosystems

Nutrients in Ecosystems

How Predictable Are Ecological Communities?

Biogeography

Human Population Growth

The Human Asteroid