Beginnings of Judaism

The Beginnings of Judaism — Biblical Roots

New Challenges in the Late Biblical Period

Jews Under Persian Rule — The Return to Zion

The Challenge of Hellenism

The Maccabees — From Rebels to Kings

The Canonization of the Hebrew Bible

Translating the Bible — The Septuagint

Adding to the Bible — The Apocrypha

Tobit — a New Path of Righteousness

Retelling the Bible — The Book of Jubilees

Revealing the Unknown

"Judaism" or "Judaisms"?

Sectarianism — Pharisees and Sadducees

Out of the Caves — Discovery at Qumran

The End of Days — Messianic Eschatology

Other Lands, Other Jews — The Diaspora

Judaism in the Hellenistic World

Changing God's Address — Temple to Synagogue

Rome Arrives in Jerusalem

Parting With the Temple

From Jerusalem to Yavne — Rabbinic Judaism

The Shaping of Rabbinic Judaism

A Violent Epilogue — Bar Kokhba

From "Roots" to "Tree"